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• Photo Cheat Sheet
• Photo Cheat Sheet Quiz
• Photo Flash Cards
• Beecher's Handouts >
  • Free Download
  • Sections 1 to 4: Introduction >
    • 1 - Introduction >
      • 1.1 - Goal
      • 1.2 - Things to Do
      • 1.3 - What's Not Here
      • 1.4 - Things to Buy
      • 1.5 - Visual Notes
    • 2 - Confusing Terms >
      • 2.1 - Introduction
      • 2.2 - Camera Feature Terms
      • 2.3 - Digital Data Terms
      • 2.4 - General Terms
    • 3 - Camera >
      • 3.1 - #1 Reason for Bad...
      • 3.2 - Camera Is Grab-able
      • 3.3 - Focus
      • 3.4 - Focus Problems
      • 3.5 - Shutter Release
      • 3.6 - Two Viewfinder Problems
      • 3.7 - Select the File Format
      • < 3.8 - Default Settings
        • 3.8.1 - Introduction
        • 3.8.2 - Change EV Stops & Display a Viewfinder Grid
        • 3.8.3 - Automatic Focus Area Selection
        • 3.8.4 - Light Meter
        • 3.8.5 - Automatic ISO Increase
      • 3.9 - Checklist
      • 3.10 - Lens & Sensor Cleaning
      • 3.11 - Deleting Photographs
    • 4 - Computer >
      • 4.1 - Transfer Your Photographs
      • 4.2 - Get Organized!
      • 4.3 - Backup!
      • 4.4 - Backup on the Road
      • 4.5 - Migrate Your Files
  • Sections 5 to 8: Light >
    • 5 - Light >
      • 5.1 - Introduction
      • 5.2 - Snow Analogy
      • 5.3 - Sensitivity
      • 5.4 - Encouragement
      • 5.5 - Take a Pictute Out Your Window
      • 5.6 - Take Pictures of a Newspaper
      • 5.7 - Play with Light
      • 5.8 - Watch an Old B&W Movie
      • 5.9 - WYSINWYG
    • 6 - Lighting Contrast >
      • 6.1 - Introduction
      • 6.2 - Detrimental Contrast
      • 6.3 - Beneficial Contrast
      • 6.4 - See Like Your Camera
      • 6.5 - Averaging Doesn't Work
      • 6.6 - Film, Curves, & Paper
      • 6.7 - Change the Lighting
      • 6.8 - Polarizing Filter
      • 6.9 - Graduated Neutral Density Filter
    • 7 - An Advanced Light Topic
    • 8 - Light Summary
  • Sections 9 to 15: Exposure >
    • 9 - Exposure Introduction
    • 10 - ISO
    • 11 - Lens Opening
    • 12 - Shutter Speed >
      • 12.1 - Introduction
      • 12.2 - Slow Shutter Speeds
      • 12.3 - Shutter Speed Example
      • 12.4 - Two Kinds of Blur
      • 12.5 - Shutter Speed Resources
    • 13 - Setting Exposure >
      • 13.1 - The Light Meter
      • 13.2 - More about Light Meters
      • 13.3 - Exposure Modes
      • 13.4 - Exposure Mode Icons
      • 13.5 - Bracketing
      • 13.6 - Exposure Compensation
      • 13.7 - Histograms
      • 13.8 - How to Use Histograms
      • 13.9 - Autoexposure Lock
    • 14 - The Language Called Stop >
      • 14.1 - Introduction
      • 14.2 - Definitions
      • 14.3 - Example
      • 14.4 - More Examples
      • 14.5 - Three Countries
      • 14.6 - Stop & ISO
      • 14.7 - Stop & ISO Example
      • 14.8 - Stop & Lens Opening
      • 14.9 - Stop & Shutter Speed
      • 14.10 - Trading Stops
      • 14.11 - Moon Exercise
    • 15 - Light Meters Are Stupid >
      • 15.1 - Introduction
      • 15.2 - The World Isn't 18% Gray
      • 15.3 - Why Are Light Meters Stupid?
      • 15.4 - Getting the Correct Exposure
      • 15.5 - Be Careful with Backlighting
  • Sections 16 to 21: More >
    • 16 - Depth-of-field >
      • 16.1 - Introduction
      • 16.2 - Lens Opening
      • 16.3 - Distance from Subject
      • 16.4 - Sensor Size
      • 16.5 - How to Get Less
      • 16.6 - A Reason for Poor Backgrounds
      • 16.7 - Depth-of-field Myth
      • 16.8 - Diffraction
    • 17 - Focal Length >
      • 17.1 - MMS
      • 17.2 - Odds & Ends
      • 17.3 - Lens Factor
      • 17.4 - Flare
      • 17.5 - Volume & Background
      • 17.6 - Portraits
    • 18 - Filters >
      • 18.1 - Introduction
      • 18.2 - Clear
      • 18.3 - Polarizing
      • 18.4 - More about Polarizing Filters
      • 18.5 - Graduated Neutral Density
    • 19 - White Balance (WB) >
      • 19.1 - Introduction
      • 19.2 - Is AWB the Best Method?
    • 20 - Composition >
      • 20.1 - Introduction
      • 20.2 - Guidelines
      • 20.3 - The Frame
      • 20.4 - Planes
      • 20.5 - Other Factors
    • 21 - Flash >
      • 21.1 - Pros & Cons
      • 21.2 - Fill Flash
      • 21.3 - Flash Exposure Compensation
      • 21.4 - Red Eye
      • 2.15 - Catch Lights
  • Assignments >
    • Introduction
    • #1 - Mundane Object
    • #2 - Contrasts
    • #3 - Shutter Speed
    • #4 - Depth-of-field
    • #5 - Portrait Sitting
    • #6 - Interior
    • #7 - Night Photography Excursion
    • #8 - Your Own Assignment or Project
  • Instruction Manual Assignments >
    • Introduction
    • #1 - Flash
    • #2 - ISO
    • #3 - Shutter Speed
    • #4 - Lens Opening
    • #5 - White Balance
    • #6 - AEL (Autoexposure Lock)
    • #7 - Exposure Compensation
    • #8 - Focal Length
• Photoshop Elements >
  • Beginners Start Here
  • A >
    • 3D With a Single Photograph
    • Actions
    • Adobe DNG Converter
    • Aligned
    • Animated GIFs (Flip Books)
    • Aspect Ratios
  • B >
    • Backup Your Computer
    • Batch Processing >
      • Batch processing
      • Jim's Batch Processing Scripts
    • Beginners Start Here
    • Best Practices
    • Bit Depth: 8 versus 16
    • Blending Modes
    • Blend Photographs with a Pattern
    • Blur >
      • Blur the Background
      • Blur the Background with a Gradient
      • Lens Blur Filter
    • Brushes >
      • Anything-you-want Brush
      • Brushes
      • Brush Tool Is Missing
      • Feathered Brush
    • Burning & Dodging >
      • Introduction
      • General Purpose: Overlay layer
      • Highlights or Shadows Only
      • < Large Expanses
        • Combine 2 Exposures - Levels & a Mask
        • Combine 2 Exposures - Levels & the Eraser Tool
        • Multiple Opacities
      • Many Small Areas
      • Painting Overexposed Areas
      • Patterns for Burning & Dodging
      • Selecting Tones
  • Ca to Clo >
    • Camera Phone Resampling/Resizing
    • Can't See Thumbnails? Get the Codec
    • Change the Size
    • Changing the Box #s
    • Channel Mixer (Separate RGB Channel Layers)
    • Characters & Symbols
    • Class Tips
    • Clipping Masks
    • < Clone Stamp Tool
      • Clone Stamp Tool
      • Clone Stamp Tool Problem
      • Lighten & Darken Modes
  • Col to Cro >
    • Collage >
      • Tips
      • Tutorial
    • Color >
      • Additive v. Subtractive Colors
      • Color Definitions
      • Color Relationships & the Color Wheel
      • Color Replacement
      • Color Shenanigans
      • Color Temperature & Mired
      • Foreground & Background Colors
      • < Hand Coloring
        • Hand Coloring a B&W Photograph
        • Other Hand Coloring Methods
      • RGB Color
    • Color Correction >
      • Avoid Color Correction
      • Batch Processing
      • Introduction
      • Make Color Correction Easier
      • Measure Color
      • Photoshop-only Features
      • < Methods
        • Auto Color Method
        • Channels Method (Levels)
        • Grey-point Eyedropper Method (Levels)
        • Hue/Saturation Method
        • Make a Filter
      • Plug-ins
      • < Skin Tone
        • < Methods
          • Adjust Color for Skin Tone Method
          • Color Variations Method
          • R > G > B Method
          • Spot Correction Method
        • Skin Tone Correction Guidelines
        • Skin Tone Samples
        • Skin Tone Samples Chart
      • Two Local Color Correction Methods
      • Which Color Needs Correcting?
      • Why Is Color Correction Hard?
    • Color Management >
      • 1 - Overview
      • 2 - Introduction
      • 3 - Color Spaces
      • 4 - Common Color Spaces
      • 5 - Camera Color Spaces
      • 6 - File Color Spaces
      • 7 - Monitor Color Spaces
      • 8 - Color Spaces & Photoshop Elements
      • 9 - Printer Profiles
      • 10 - Printer Profiles at Home
      • 11 - Printer Profiles with Labs
      • 12 - Rendering Intents
      • 13 - Soft Proofing
    • Color Picking >
      • 1 - Introduction
      • 2 - From the Photograph
      • 3 - From Outside Photoshop Eleme
      • 4 - From the Color Picker
      • 5 - From Color Swatches
      • 6 - From Color Samples
    • Color Replacement
    • Color to B&W
    • Combine Two Photographs
    • Computer Purchase
    • Copyright Notices >
      • 1 - Metadata
      • 2 - Watermark
      • 3 - Watermark Brush
    • Cropping >
      • Circles & Ovals - Elliptical Marquee Tool
      • Cropping Thoughts
      • Feather/Fade the Edge of a Photograph
      • Recompose Tool
      • Rule of Thirds & Grid Lines
      • Shapes - Cookie Cutter Tool
      • Squares & Rectangles - Crop Tool
    • Curves
  • D to F >
    • Delete Preferences File
    • < Depth-of-field (Blur)
      • Blur the Background
      • Blur the Background with a Gradient
      • Lens Blur Filter
    • Diptychs
    • Drawing
    • Drop Shadows
    • Eyedropper Tool
    • Feather/Fade the Edge of a Photograph
    • File Formats >
      • Raw File Processing
      • Raw v. JPEG
    • File > Place
    • Flip Books (Animated GIFs)
    • Foreground & Background Colors
    • Focus Improvement
    • Free Transform
  • G >
    • Gamma Explained
    • Glare on Eyeglasses
    • Grab a Video Frame
    • Gradients >
      • Blur the Background with a Gradient
      • < Gradients
        • 1 - Introduction
        • 2 - Darken a Sky
        • 3 - Darken a Sky with Trees
        • 4 - Edit a Gradient
      • Haze Reduction
      • < Shadows & Highlights
        • 3 - Shadow
        • 6 - Background Gradient
      • Step Wedge - The Understanding Tool
    • < Gradient Map Adjustment Layers
      • Sim. Curves with a Gradient Map
      • Split Toning w/a Gradient Map Adj. Layer
      • Tone Selections with a Gradient Map
    • Grids
    • Guides for Positioning
  • H to J >
    • < Hand Coloring
      • Hand Coloring a B&W Photograph
      • Other Hand Coloring Methods
    • Haze Reduction
    • Health >
      • Eye Fatigue
      • Mouse Solutions
      • Take a Break
      • Wrist Pain
    • High Pass & Gaussian Blur Filters
    • How to Edit
    • Image: Reveal All & Scale
    • Installation Problems
    • JPEG Quality Levels
  • L >
    • Layers >
      • 1 - Introduction
      • 2 - All About Layers
      • Composite Layer
      • Create a Blank Layer
      • Create a Background Copy Layer
      • Create an Adjustment Layer
      • Difference: Levels & Brightness/Contrast
      • Grouping & Merging Layers: When?
      • Hue/Saturation Adj. Layer Color Slider
      • Layers Exercise
      • Layer Styles
      • < Masking
        • Clipping Masks
        • Create a Layer Mask
        • < Introduction
          • 1 - Like a Stencil
          • 2 - Masks & Adjustment Layers
          • 3 - #1: Make a Mask with the Brush Tool
          • 4 - #2: Make a Mask from a Selection
          • 5 - #3: Masks in Other Layers
          • 6 - Painting with Shades of Gray
          • 7 - What's Next?
        • Masking a Layer
        • Masking Tips
      • Move a Layer
      • Separate Luminosity Layers
      • Separate RGB Channel Layers
    • Levels >
      • 1 - Introduction
      • 2 - More About Levels
      • Eyedropper Calibration
      • Dif. Bet. Levels & Brightness/Contrast
      • Other Levels Methods
    • Lighten & Darken Modes
  • M >
    • Magnify the Screen
    • Manage & Rename Files
    • Masking >
      • Create a Layer Mask
      • Clipping Masks
      • < Introduction
        • 1 - Like a Stencil
        • 2 - Masks & Adjustment Layers
        • 3 - #1: Make a Mask with the Brush Tool
        • 4 - #2: Make a Mask from a Selection
        • 5 - #3: Masks in Other Layers
        • 6 - Painting with Shades of Gray
        • 7 - What's Next?
      • Masking a Layer
      • Masking Tips
    • Metadata & Photoshop Elements
    • Monitor Calibration
    • Montage
    • Move a Face
    • Move Tool
    • Multiple Opacities
  • N to O >
    • Navigation (Zoom, Etc.) >
      • Navigation Basics
      • 1 - Introduction
      • 2 - Bigger & Smaller
      • 3 - Up, Down, & Sideways
      • 4 - Navigator Palette
      • Windows & Tabs
    • Noise >
      • Noise Addition
      • < Noise Reduction
        • 1 - Introduction
        • 2 - In Detail
        • 3 - With Photoshop Elements
        • 4 - Software
        • 5 - Separate Layers
      • Restore Skin Texture
    • Opening Files (Photographs)
    • Open With
    • Options Bar/Tool Options
    • Organizing >
      • Organizer
      • Organizer Problems
    • Orton Effect
    • Overexposure & Underexposure
  • P to Q >
    • Painting
    • Panoramas
    • Panel (Palette) Bin Setup
    • Patterns >
      • Blend Photographs with a Pattern
      • Patterns for Burning & Dodging
      • Pattern Stamp Tool
    • Photo Filter Adjustment Layers
    • Photoshop Elements 11 Changes
    • Photoshop Elements or Photoshop?
    • Plug-ins >
      • 1 - Introduction
      • 2 - Installation & More
    • Preferences >
      • Delete Preferences File
      • Preferences
    • Preserve Your Original File
    • Printing: Set Up PSE for Printing
  • R >
    • Raw Files >
      • Adobe DNG Converter
      • Adobe Camera Raw Converter Updates
      • Can't See Thumbnails? Get the Codec
      • Expose to the Right
      • Process a JPEG with a Raw Converter
      • Raw & iPhoto
      • Raw File Processing
      • Raw Process, Twice, to Reduce Contrast
      • Raw v. JPEG
    • Recompose Tool
    • Resampling/Resizing >
      • Camera Phone Resampling
      • JPEG Quality Levels
      • Resampling/Resizing Introduction
      • Save for Web Resampling/Resizing: Smaller
    • Resolution & Size >
      • 1 - Introduction
      • 2 - Examples
      • Calculators
      • < Which Resolution?
        • 1 - Print Size & Viewing Distance
        • 2 - Other Factors
    • Resources
    • Retouching >
      • B - L >
        • Bags Under the Eyes
        • Base & Blush Makeup
        • Blur Tool
        • Catch Lights
        • < Dust & Scratches
          • Dust & Scratches Brush
          • Dust & Scratches Removal Methods
        • Eye Makeover
        • Glare on Eyeglasses
        • Glare on the Face
        • < Healing Brush Tool
          • Healing Brush Tool
          • Healing with a Noise Pattern
          • L. & D. Modes w/ Healing & Cloning
        • Liquify Filter
      • R - W >
        • Red Eye
        • Red Eye & Pets
        • Restore Skin Texture
        • Selecting Hair
        • Skin Tone
        • < Smooth Skin
          • Smooth Skin
          • Smooth Skin, Quickly
          • Smooth Skin: Yet Another Method
        • Software
        • Spot Healing Brush Tool
        • Tips
        • Whiten Teeth
        • With Blank Layers
    • Rule of Thirds & Grid Lines
  • Sa to Sk >
    • Sampling Isn't Sampling
    • Save for Web: Smaller
    • Saving Files
    • Selecting Tones
    • Selection Tools >
      • < Advanced
        • Auto Enhance
        • Magic Wand Tool & Tolerance
        • Selecting Hair
      • < Basics
        • 1- Introduction
        • 2 - Three Uses
        • 3 - Three Categories
        • 4 - Six Tips
        • 5 - Deslect, Etc.
        • 6 - Which Selection Tool?
        • 7 - Options Bar Settings
        • 8 - More
        • 9 - Selection Brush Tool Mop
      • < Moving Selections
        • 1 - Most Used Methods
        • 2 - Less Used Methods
    • Serial Numbers
    • Set Up PSE for Printing
    • Shadows & Highlights
    • Sharpening >
      • 1 - Sharpening Introduction
      • 2 - Telephone Pole Example
      • Evaluate the Sharpening
      • < Methods
        • Adjust Sharpness (5.0 & 6.0)
        • < High-pass Filter Sharpening
          • 1 - High-pass Filter S'ing
          • 2 - Selective High-pass Filter S'ing
        • < Unsharp Masking Sharpening
          • 1 - Unsharp Masking Sharpening
          • 2 - Amount, Radius, & Threshold
          • 3 - Selective Unsharp Masking S'ing
          • 4 - Why Is It Called Unsharp Masking S'ing?
      • < More
        • Experiment with Gray Boxes
        • S'ing Methods Compared: Step Wedges
      • Sharpening Software
      • < Theory
        • 1 - How Unsharp Masking S'ing Works
        • 2 - Unsharp Masking Sharpening Math
        • 3 - Color, Too
    • Shortcuts
    • Simulating Curves With a Gradient Map
    • Size & Resolution >
      • 1 - Introduction
      • 2 - Examples
      • Calculators
      • < Which Resolution?
        • 1 - Print Size & Viewing Distance
        • 2 - Other Factors
    • Skies - Darken with Gradients
  • Sp to Sw >
    • Speech Recognition with PSE
    • Spot Color
    • Spot Focus
    • Status Bar
    • Step Wedge
    • Straighten Tool
    • Subject Matter Isn't Important
    • Swatches >
      • Basics
      • Custom
  • T to Z >
    • Textures & Blending Modes
    • 3D With a Single Photograph
    • Toning B&W Photographs >
      • 1 - Introduction
      • 2 - Method #1: Color Variations
      • 3 - Method #2: Colorize
      • 4 - Method #3: Solid Color Adj. Layer
      • 5 - Mixing Other Colors
      • < More
        • Digital Lith & Digital Albumen Toning
        • Split Toning with a Gradient Map
    • Tools
    • Transform
    • Trash Can Icon
    • Troubleshooting
      • Delete Preferences File
    • Turn Off the Welcome Window
    • Type Tool >
      • Characters & Symbols
      • Text Embellishment
      • Text On Type Tools
      • Type Tool
    • Updates
    • Watermarks >
      • 1 - Metadata
      • 2 - Watermark
      • 3 - Watermark Brush
    • Welcome Window, Turn Off
    • Workflow >
      • How to Edit
      • Workflow
      • Workflow / First Steps / 1 - Introduction
    • Video >
      • Grab a Video Frame
• Lightroom >
  • Free Download
  • Introduction >
    • 1 - Why Lightroom?
    • 2 - Do Everything in Lightroom
    • 3 - Catalog Confusion
    • 4 - Backup the Catalog
    • 5 - Saving in Lightroom
    • 6 - This & That
    • 7 - Seven Modules
    • 8 - Problems
  • Typical Workflow
  • Importing Photographs >
    • 1 - Importing Introduction
    • 2 - Set-up Importing
    • 3 - Importing Situations
  • Library Module >
    • 1 - Work Area
    • 2 - Tool Bar
    • 3 - Three More Places >
      • Place #1 - Navigator Panel
      • Place #2 - Histogram Panel
      • Place #3 - Filmstrip
    • 4 - Panels in the Library Module
    • 5 - Lib. M. Panels on the Left >
      • 1 - Navigator Panel
      • 2 - Catalog Panel
      • 3 - More than One Catalog
      • 4 - Folders versus Collections
      • 5 - Folders Panel
      • 6 - Collections Panel
      • 7 - Publish Services Panel
    • 6 - Lib. M. Panels on the Right >
      • 1 - Histogram Panel
      • 2 - Quick Develop Panel
      • 3 - Two Keyword Panels
      • 4 - Metadata Panel
      • 5 - Comments Panel
  • Develop Module >
    • 1 - Editing Principles
    • 2 - Editing Order
    • 3 - Panels in the Develop Module
    • Basic Panel >
      • 4 - White Balance Section
      • 5 - Tone Section
      • 6 - Presence Section
    • 7 - 5 Tools: Basic Panel >
      • Tool #1 - Crop Overlay
      • Tool #2 - Spot Removal
      • Tool #3 - Red Eye Correction
      • Tool #4 - Graduated Filter
      • Tool #5 - Adjustment Brush
    • 8 - Tone Curve Panel
    • 9 - HSL / Color / B&W Panel
    • 10 - Split Toning Panel
    • 11 - Detail Panel
    • 12 - Other Panels on the Right
    • 13 - Panels on the Left Side
  • Export
  • Print Module >
    • 1 - Set Up
    • 2 - Print M. Panels on the Left
    • 3 - Print M. Panels on the Right
    • 4 - Print Buttons
    • 5 - Printing Workflow
    • 6 - Printing Tips
    • 7 - Soft Proofing
  • More >
    • C - L >
      • Change & Reset the Dev. M. Defaults
      • Color in Lightroom
      • Color Labels
      • Color Space
      • Compare Original to Edited Version
      • Dual Monitors
      • Edit in Photoshop Elements
      • E-mail
      • E-mail: Preset Method
      • Flags
      • Importing
      • Import the Organizer Catalog
      • iPhoto: Change Two Features
      • iPhoto to Lightroom
      • Keyword Searches
      • Lightroom File Locations
    • P - Z >
      • Presets & Plug-ins
      • Previews
      • Resources
      • Select a Color Window
      • Set Up Lightroom
      • Shortcuts
      • Speed Up Lightroom
      • Stacks
      • Star Ratings
      • Troubleshooting
      • Updates from Adobe
      • Virtual Copies
      • Zoom
  • Topic Tutorials >
    • Convert to B&W
    • Retouch a Face
    • Spot Color
    • Toning & Split Toning
• Printing >
  • Aspect Ratios
  • Best Practices
  • Border & Image Size Calculator
  • Borderless Prints
  • Cropping Thoughts
  • Full-frame Prints = No Cropping
  • Get Them Out of the Computer
  • Papers
  • Paper Size Charts
  • Printer Profiles
  • Print Outgassing
  • Printing Resources
  • Print Size Calculators
  • Problems & Solutions
  • Set Up PSE for Printing
  • Which Resolution? >
    • Short Answer
    • Long Answer >
      • 1 - Print Size & V. Distance
      • 2 - Other Factors
• Tips >
  • A to B >
    • Artificial Light
    • Aspect Ratios
    • Baby Photography Tricks
    • Backup Your Computer
    • Birth photography
    • Books about Photography
    • Buy >
      • Batteries
      • Book Publishing
      • Camera Manuals
      • Chemicals
      • Filters
      • Flipbooks
      • < How to Buy a . . .
        • Camera
        • Computer
        • Flash
      • Rentals
      • Repairs
      • Scanning Old Photos
      • Stores
      • Used Equipment
  • C >
    • Camera >
      • Are More Megapixels Better?
      • Camera Checklist Habit
      • Camera Features Explained
      • Camera Settings Flow Chart
      • Change EV Stops & Display a Grid
      • Clean Your Sensor
      • How to Buy a Camera
      • Take Control - Change 3 Defaults
    • Captions
    • Challenges
    • Cheat Sheet
    • Checklist
    • Children Photographed
    • Christmas Lights
    • Close-up (Macro) Photography
    • Cold Weather
    • Collage
    • Color >
      • Additive v. Subtractive Colors
      • Color Definitions
      • Color Relationships & the Color Wheel
      • Color Shenanigans
      • Color Temperature & Mired
      • RGB Color
      • Richer Color
    • Computer Purchase
    • Concert Photography
    • Conservation & Restoration
    • Copyright
    • Creative Energy Questionnaire
    • Cropping Thoughts
    • Cyanotype, Make a
  • D to F >
    • Dangers of Photography
    • Deleting & Sorting
    • Depth
    • Depth-of-field >

      • Beginners: Depth-of-field.

      • 1 - DOF & Lens Opening
      • 2 - DOF & Focal Length
      • 3 - DOF & Distant Background Blur
      • 4 - DOF & Sensor Size
      • 5 - DOF & Hyperfocal Distance
      • 6 - A DOF Myth
      • 7 - DOF & Diffraction
      • 8 - DOF Resources
    • Exposure >
      • Camera Settings Flow Chart
      • Exposure Modes Explained
      • Light & Exposure Values
      • Make Dif. Exp.'s of the Same Scene
      • Manual Exposure
      • People Inside Your Camera
        (Shutter Speed, Aperture, & ISO)
      • Sunny 16 Rule
      • Tricky Exposure Situations
      • What's a f/stop?
    • Develop Film
    • Distortion Correction
    • Duplicates: Finding & Deleting
    • Exhibition Opportunities
    • Fall Foliage
    • Fireworks
    • Fishing Is Like Photography
    • Flash >
      • < Flash 101
        • 1 - Basics
        • 2 - Advanced
      • < Flash Topics
        • Add Catch Lights
        • Better Pop-up Flash
        • Fill Flash
        • Fill Flash Too Bright?
        • Flash Bigots
        • Flash Filters
        • Flash Too Blue?
        • Flashes for PS Cameras
        • How to Buy a Flash
        • Old Flash?
    • Flash Cards
    • Focus Stacking
    • Frame - Use It Better
    • Framing & Matting
  • G to L >
    • Get Them Out of the Computer
    • Great Ingredients = Great Photographs
    • Grow as a Photog.: Self-assignments
    • Halloween
    • Health >
      • Eye Fatigue
      • Magnify the Screen
      • Mouse Solutions
      • Take a Break
      • Wrist Pain
    • Heart & Mind Related >
      • Binaries in Photography
      • Curate a Pairing
      • Download Ansel Adams
      • Fish Philosophy Assignment
      • Memory
      • Photography Vitamin
      • Subject Matter Sucks
      • What's Your Signature Photo.?
      • Write an Artist Statement
      • Write a Photographer's Resume
    • High Dynamic Range (HDR)
    • High Speed Photography
    • How to . . . >
      • Become a Pro
      • Bring Your Photographs to Class
      • Find the Best Wedding Photographer
      • Judge a Photography Contest
      • Move from Camera to Computer
      • Move to a Flash Drive
      • Photograph Strangers (Street)
      • Use a Mac
      • Use Flickr
    • How to Buy a . . . >
      • Camera
      • Computer
      • Flash
    • Increase Powers of Observation
    • Insurance
    • ISO
    • Label It - Get It Back
    • Landscapes
    • Legal
    • Lens >
      • Distortion Correction
      • Focal Lengths Guide
      • How Do Pinholes Work?
      • Image Stabilization
      • Lens for Portraits & Low Light
      • Lens Sunglasses
      • More from Your Zoom
      • Optical & Digital Zoom
    • Light >
      • Cheap, Bright Light
      • Contrast Remedies
      • Light, Color, Perception, & Optics
      • < Light Rules
        • 1 - Introduction
        • 2 - Rule #1: Size of the Light & Contrast
        • 3 - Rule #2: Sidelighting
        • 4 - Rule #3: Backlighting
        • 5 - Rule #4: Distance
      • Light Tents
      • Studio Lighting
      • Use a Reflector
  • M to N >
    • Macro (Close-up)
    • Magnify the Screen
    • Make a Book
    • Manage & Rename Files
    • Matting & Framing
    • Meet Other P's >
      • In Person
      • Online
    • Metadata >
      • Metadata
      • Remove Metadata
    • Memory Cards >
      • Calculate M. Card Capacity
      • Memory Cards
    • Mind & Heart Related >
      • Binaries in Photography
      • Curate a Pairing
      • Download Ansel Adams
      • Fish Philosophy Assignment
      • Memory
      • Photography Vitamin
      • Subject Matter Sucks
      • What's Your Signature Photograph?
      • Write an Artist Statement
      • Write a Photographer's Resume
    • Moving Photographs >
      • Bring Your Photographs to Class
      • Camera to Computer
      • To a Flash Drive
    • Night Photography
    • NYC Subway Photography
  • O - P >
    • Once a Day
    • Organizing Your Photographs
    • Panoramas
    • Passage of Time
    • Pet Photography
    • Photo Cheat Sheet
    • Photo Flash Cards
    • Photography's Problem
    • Photograph Strangers (Street)
    • Pinhole
    • Point-of-view
    • Poison Control
    • Portrait Fixes
    • Problem Pixels (Hot Pixels)
    • Protect Your Photographs
    • Observation - Increase Powers Of
  • Q to R >
    • Quotes
    • Rain Cape
    • Rebate Scam Deterrence
    • Rephotography Projects
    • Recover Files
    • Rectified Photographs Using FlowerUnwarp
    • Rephotography Projects
  • S >
    • Safety >
      • Dangers of Photography
      • Poison Control
    • Scanning >
      • Scanning Negatives & Slides
      • Scanning Old Photos
    • Screenshots
    • Self-assignments
    • Serial Numbers
    • Scrims
    • Shutter Speeds: Long
    • Simple Works
    • Sit Still!
    • Skyline Photography
    • Sky Related Photography >
      • Lightening
      • Moon Photography
      • Other
      • Snowflakes
      • Stars & Star Trails
    • Stack Focus
    • Still Lifes
    • Street Photography
    • Studio Lighting
    • Subway Photography - NYC
    • Sunrises & Sunsets
  • T to X >
    • Take a Break
    • Take More than One
    • Teaching Photography >
      • Assignments Compendium
      • Online Resources
    • 10% Club
    • Tripods
    • Warming Cards
    • Waving Black Card Technique
    • Wedding P'er, How to Find the Best
    • What's a Good Photograph?
• Creative Energy
  Questionnaire
• PATH >
  • Free Download
  • Getting Started >
    • 1 - Why This Book?
    • 2 - What's a Way-of-working?
    • 3 - Way-of-working: So What?
    • 4 - Travel Guide for this Book
    • 5 - Is This a Digital Photography book?
  • You & Photography >
    • 6 - Not Been a Student for Awhile?
    • 7 - A New Identity
    • 8 - Magic Pills
    • 9 - Little Magic Pills
    • 10 - Harder & Harder
    • 11 - Hierarchy of Dissatisfaction
    • 12 - Do Think More
    • 13 - Don't Think So Much
    • 14 - The Above Two PATHways
    • 15 - Mistakes
    • 16 - Mistake Analysis
    • 17 - Down Time = Objectivity & Insight
    • 18 - Dashed Expectation
    • 19 - Credit
    • 20 - Sole Authorship?
    • 21 - Different Audiences
  • The Photograph & You >
    • 22 - What's a Good photograph?
    • 23 - How Often Do Good photographs Occur?
    • < 8 More Reasons for Good photographs
      • 24.0 - Introduction
      • 24.1 - Good Subject = Good Photograph?
      • 24.2 - Equipment
      • 24.3 - Technique
      • 24.4 - Form
      • 24.5 - Knowledge of Subject
      • 24.6 - Knowledge of Self
      • 24.7 - Surprise
      • 24.8 - Light
    • < Top 16 Reasons for Bad Photographs
      • 25.0 - Introduction
      • 25.1 - I Don't Have Enough Time
      • 25.2 - Waiting for the Muse
      • 25.3 - No Camera
      • 25.4 - Buried Camera
      • 25.5 - Pictures of Trip & Family
      • 25.6 - Jumping from One-Thing-to-Another
      • 25.7 - Not Doing a Larger Project
      • 25.8 - Paying Attention to the Subject Only
      • Camera Vision v. Human Vision >
        • 25.9 - Part 1
        • 25.10 - Part 2
      • 25.11 - Using Program All the Time
      • Your Viewfinder Can Lie >
        • 25.12 - Part 1
        • 25.13 - Part 2
      • 25.14 - Bad Prints
      • 25.15 - Photographs that Got Away
      • 25.16 - Lack of Sensitivity to Light
    • 26 - More about Light
    • 27 - Snow Analogy
    • < Sensitivity to Light
      • 28.0 - Introduction
      • 28.1 - Take a Picture Out Your Window
      • 28.2 - Take a Picture of a Newspaper
      • 28.3 - Play with Light
      • 28.4 - Watch an Old B&W Film
      • 28.5 - WYSINWYG
    • 29 - More about Surprise
    • 30 - Gesture
    • 31 - A Place for Your Project
    • 32 - Display Your Work
  • Classic Themes in Photography >
    • 33 - What's Art?
    • 34 - Is Photography Art?
    • 35 - Photographing Reality?
    • 36 - Taking v. Making Photographs
    • 37 - Purity
  • Back to You >
    • < Why Do Photography?
      • 38.0 - Introduction
      • 38.1 - Structure
      • 38.2 - Rewards
      • 38.3 - Example #1
      • 38.4 - Example #2
    • 39 - Write an Artist Statement
    • 40 - Reasons for Good Photography
    • < Woody Allen & the Six P's
      • 41.0 - Introduction
      • 41.1 - Passion
      • 41.2 - Pliny
      • 41.3 - Practice
      • 41.4 - Persistence
      • 41.5 - Patience
      • 41.6 - Presentation
    • 42 - Satan v. Venus
    • 43 - Presentation
    • < Fame, Guru-hood, Sales of Prints
      • 44.0 - Introduction
      • 44.1 - Age
      • 44.2 - Education
      • 44.3 - Size & Quantity
      • 44.4 - Effort
      • 44.5 - Risk
      • 44.6 - Time & Money
      • 44.7 - Good Creation Story
      • 44.8 - Innovate
      • 44.9 - Bodies of Work
      • 44.10 - Be Popular
      • 44.11 - Be an Artist
      • 44.12 - Ego
    • 45 - Bulls--t Happens
    • 46 - It- Why You're a Photographer
    • 47 - More Resources
    • 48 - Most Importantly ...
• NYC Photo Exhibits
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• For Jim's Students >
  • Advice >
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    • How to Become a Pro
    • How to Buy a Camera
    • How to Buy a Computer
    • How to Use a Mac
    • How to Use Flickr
    • < Moving Photographs
      • How to Bring Photographs to Class
      • Camera to Computer
      • To a Flash Drive
    • NYC Photography Exhibits
    • Scanning Negatives & Slides
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    • Visual Notes
  • Buy this Stuff >
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